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China in Brief
2003/10/21
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In
1978 the Chinese government decided to implement the
opening-up policy in a planned way while starting the
economic restructuring. Beginning from 1980, China
established five special economic zones in Shenzhen, Zhuhai
and Shantou in Guangdong Province, Xiamen in Fujian
Province, and Hainan Province. In 1984 China further opened
14 coastal cities to the outside world, namely, Dalian,
Qinhuangdao, Tianjin, Yantai, Qingdao, Lianyungang, Nantong,
Shanghai, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Zhanjiang and
Beihai. Starting from 1985 China listed the Yangtze River
Delta, Pearl River (Zhujiang) Delta, South Fujian Triangle,
Shandong Peninsula, Liaodong Peninsula, Hebei and Guangxi as
the economic open areas, thus forming an open coastal
economic belt. In 1990 the Chinese government decided to
develop and open the Shanghai Pudong New Zone, and further
open a number of cities along the Yangtze River, thus
forming the Yangtze River Open Belt with Pudong as the
leader. Since 1992 the Chinese government has opened a
number of border cities and the capital cities of all the
inland provinces and autonomous regions; set up 15 bonded
zones, 47 state-level economic and technological development
zones and 53 new and high technology industrial development
zones in some large and medium-sized cities. Consequently
China has formed an all-round, multi-level, wide-ranging
opening-up setup integrating coastal regions, border
regions, riverine regions and inland regions. As these areas
adopt different preferential policies, they have served as
windows and played the radiation role in developing
export-oriented economy, generating foreign exchange
earnings by exporting products and importing advanced technologies...
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